Biology · Unity and diversity
A2.2 — Cell structure
Biology · SL / HL · syllabus-mapped notes
A2.2.1
Cells as the basic structural unit of all living organisms
State that cells are the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
A2.2.2
Microscopy skills
Carry out core microscopy skills, including measuring with a graticule, calculating magnification and adding a scale bar.
A2.2.3
Developments in microscopy
Outline the advantages of the main developments in microscopy.
A2.2.4
Structures common to cells in all living organisms
Describe the structures common to all cells, and explain why each is needed.
A2.2.5
Prokaryote cell structure
Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell.
A2.2.6
Eukaryote cell structure
Describe the structure of a eukaryotic cell.
A2.2.7
Processes of life in unicellular organisms
List the processes of life carried out by a unicellular organism.
A2.2.8
Differences in eukaryotic cell structure between animals, fungi and plants
Distinguish animal, fungal and plant cells.
A2.2.9
Atypical cell structure in eukaryotes
Explain how atypical cells differ from the usual pattern, using their numbers of nuclei.
A2.2.10
Cell types and cell structures viewed in light and electron micrographs
Identify cell types and cell structures in light and electron micrographs.
A2.2.11
Drawing and annotation based on electron micrographs
Draw and annotate cell structures from electron micrographs, including their functions.
A2.2.12
Origin of eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis
Explain the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and the evidence for it.
A2.2.13
Cell differentiation as the process for developing specialized tissues in multicellular organisms
Explain how differences in gene expression produce specialized tissues.
A2.2.14
Evolution of multicellularity
Explain how multicellularity evolved repeatedly, and what advantages it brings.