Chemistry · Structure 2: Models of bonding and structure

S2.2 — The covalent model

Chemistry · SL / HL · syllabus-mapped notes

1. Covalent bonds and Lewis formulas

   Covalent and coordination bonds, the octet rule, Lewis formulas, and single/double/triple bonds.

2. Molecular shapes (VSEPR) and polarity

   Predicting shapes with VSEPR, and deducing bond and molecular polarity.

3. Giant covalent structures and intermolecular forces

   Covalent network solids, the intermolecular forces, and explaining physical properties (with chromatography).

4. Resonance, benzene and expanded octets

   Resonance and delocalization, benzene, expanded octets, and formal charge.

5. Sigma and pi bonds, and hybridization

   Sigma and pi bonds, and sp/sp²/sp³ hybridization.