ECS.3 — Yellowstone grey wolves (trophic cascade)

Environmental Systems and Societies · SL / HL · syllabus-mapped notes

Overview
Grey wolves were exterminated from Yellowstone, then reintroduced in 1995, giving a rare before-and-after test of a top predator's role.
Systems and sustainability angle
A keystone predator, top-down control and a trophic cascade: removing and restoring one species reshaped storages and flows across the whole food web.
The mechanism and lessons
How the cascade works, what the evidence does and does not show, and why keystone species matter for management.
HL lens angle
The ethics of reintroducing a predator and the economics and law of managing wolves across a working landscape.

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