Sports, Exercise and Health Science · B.2 Forces, motion and movement
SEB.2.1 — Newton’s laws of motion
Sports, Exercise and Health Science · SL / HL · syllabus-mapped notes
SEB.2.1.1
Newton's laws, linear and angular
Linear and angular motion can be analysed using Newton's laws of motion.
SEB.2.1.1.1
Speed, velocity and acceleration
The motion of an object can be described using speed, velocity and acceleration.
SEB.2.1.1.2
Resultant motion and the sum of forces
The resultant motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it.
SEB.2.1.1.3
The six applied principles
The following principles relate to applications of Newton’s laws.
SEB.2.1.2
Momentum and collisions
A collision results in a change in momentum in the colliding bodies.
SEB.2.1.2.1
Change in momentum equals impulse
The change in momentum is equal to the impulse applied to the object.
SEB.2.1.2.2
Coefficient of restitution
Collisions involving a ball are affected by its coefficient of restitution.
SEB.2.1.3
Friction
The force of friction is determined by the coefficient of friction.
SEB.2.1.3.1
Static and dynamic coefficients
The coefficients of static and dynamic friction depend on the materials in contact.
SEB.2.1.3.2
Modifying friction for performance
Frictional force can be modified to improve sports performance.
SEB.2.1.4
Work, power and energy
Work results from the application of a force over a distance.
SEB.2.1.4.1
Work and energy transformation
When work is done, energy is transformed from one form to others.
SEB.2.1.4.2
Power as work intensity
Power is a measure of the rate at which work is done. Measuring power output can therefore be a measure of work intensity.
SEB.2.1.4.3
Optimizing power output
Power output can be optimized through correct technique and the effective design of sports equipment.