Sports, Exercise and Health Science · C.3 Motivation
SEC.3.2 — Self-determination
Sports, Exercise and Health Science · SL / HL · syllabus-mapped notes
SEC.3.2.1
The three basic needs
Self-determination theory hypothesizes that humans strive to satisfy needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
SEC.3.2.2
The motivation continuum
Motivation can be placed along a continuum from amotivation to controlled motivation to autonomous motivation.
SEC.3.2.2.1
Amotivation
Amotivation is the absence of motivation. This occurs when there is no perceived contingency between effort and reward.
SEC.3.2.2.2
Controlled motivation
Controlled motivation is extrinsic, i.e. when engaging in an activity is a means to an end.
SEC.3.2.2.3
Autonomous motivation
Autonomous motivation is intrinsic (self-determined) when engaging in an activity is an end in itself. This could be motivation to know, to accomplish or to experience stimulation.
SEC.3.2.2.4
What each is associated with
Intrinsic motivation is positively associated with enjoyment, self-regulation and persistence, while extrinsic motivation is positively associated with anxiety.
SEC.3.2.3
The six mini-theories
Self-determination theory is a meta-theory comprising six mini-theories, each explaining a facet of individual motivation.
SEC.3.2.3.1
Cognitive evaluation theory
Cognitive evaluation theory explains how informational rewards support intrinsic motivation.
SEC.3.2.3.2
The overjustification effect
Rewards aimed at influencing motivation can undermine intrinsic motivation, creating the overjustification effect and making the motivation become more extrinsic.
SEC.3.2.3.3
Organismic integration theory
Organismic integration theory explains the increasing internalization of controlled motivation through four subtypes of extrinsic motivation.
SEC.3.2.3.4
Causal orientations theory
Causal orientations theory identifies three types of causal orientations.
SEC.3.2.3.5
Basic psychological needs theory
Basic psychological needs theory suggests that psychological well-being and optimal functioning are predicated on autonomy, competence and relatedness.
SEC.3.2.3.6
Goal contents theory
Goal contents theory distinguishes between extrinsic and intrinsic goals. Intrinsic goals are associated with greater well-being.
SEC.3.2.3.7
Relationships motivation theory
Relationships motivation theory argues that some amount of positive interpersonal interactions are not only desirable but essential for well-being.